Some grapes don’t have seeds because of a process called seedlessness, which happens mainly due to two biological mechanisms used in agriculture:
Stenospermocarpy (most common in seedless grapes)
Fertilization occurs, but the embryo (seed) stops developing early.
The grape still grows to full size, but the seed remains tiny, soft, or completely undeveloped.
Varieties like Thompson Seedless use this method.
Parthenocarpy
Grapes form without fertilization at all.
The fruit develops naturally without any seed initiation.
Less common in grapes compared to stenospermocarpy.
👉 Farmers propagate seedless grapes through cuttings (cloning) rather than seeds, ensuring that the desirable seedless trait continues.
So, seedless grapes exist because humans selected and cultivated varieties with mutations that prevent normal seed development.